Sunday, June 28, 2009

Referensi Fidel Catro

Fidel Castro and members of the East German Politburo in 1972.

  1. ^ Fidel Castro resigns as president of Cuba. Telegraph (2008-02-19). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
  2. ^ "Castro 'delegates' his party power". english.aljazeera.net. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/11/20101118174913412943.html. Retrieved 24 December 2010. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Thomas M. Leonard. ISBN 0-313-32301-1. Fidel Castro. 
  4. ^ DePalma, Anthony (2006). The Man Who Invented Fidel. Public Affairs. ISBN 1586483323. 
  5. ^ a b c d Bockman, Larry James (April 1 1984). "The Spirit Of Moncada: Fidel Castro's Rise To Power, 1953–1959". http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/BLJ.htm. Retrieved 2006-06-13. 
  6. ^ a b Sweig, Julia E. (2002). Inside the Cuban Revolution. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00848-0. 
  7. ^ Audio: Cuba Marks 50 Years Since 'Triumphant Revolution' by Jason Beaubien, NPR All Things Considered, January 1, 2009
  8. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. "Encyclopedia Britannica entry for Fulgencio Batista". Britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/56027/Fulgencio-Batista. Retrieved 2010-01-13. 
  9. ^ a b "1959: Castro sworn in as Cuban PM". BBC News. 1959-02-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/16/newsid_2544000/2544431.stm. Retrieved 2006-06-06. 
  10. ^ "Spanish newspaper gives more details on Castro condition". CNN. Archived from the original on January 19, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070119075555/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/americas/01/17/castro.condition/index.html. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  11. ^ Castro, Fidel (February 19, 2008). "Mensaje del Comandante en Jefe" (in Spanish) (PDF). Granma. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070609133812/http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/pdf/pagina1.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-19. 
  12. ^ Castro, Fidel (February 19, 2008). "Message from the Commander in Chief". Granma. Archived from the original on 2008-02-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20080225163014/http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2008/febrero/mar19/mensaje-i.html. Retrieved 2008-02-24. 
  13. ^ a b "Raul Castro named Cuban president". BBC. 2008-02-24. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7261204.stm. Retrieved 2008-02-24. "Raul, 76, has in effect been president since and the National Assembly vote was seen as formalising his position." 
  14. ^ "Refelections of Fidel Castro". granma.cu. http://www.granma.cu/ingles/reflections-i/reflections-i.html. Retrieved 25 December 2010. 
  15. ^ The Castropedia: Fidel's Cuba in facts and figures, Belfast Telegraph
  16. ^ "Ancestry of Fidel Castro". wargs.com. http://www.wargs.com/other/castro.html. Retrieved 25 December 2010. 
  17. ^ Bardach, Ann Louise : Cuba Confidential. pp. 57-59
  18. ^ "yo sé – habla Fidel de sus bisabuelos- que eran canarios. De Pinar del Río, en Cuba, se fueron a Santiago. Eran isleños...Yo oía decír en casa que mis abuelos, descendían, por parte de madre, de isleños de Pinar del Río. Pero no sé la isla (de Canarias) ni el año en que llegaron a Cuba. ¿El apellido Ruz está en Canarias? González por la parte de la abuela sí es de Canarias. Ruz es por parte del abuelo, pero no sé de donde salió ese apellido. A lo mejor era un Ruíz al que le quitaron una i...Más económico" ("I know – Fidel speaks of his great grandparents -that they were canaries. They left Pinar del Rio in Cuba, went to Santiago. ... they were Isleños. I heard say home that my grandparents, descended, through of my mother, of Isleños of Pinar del Rio. I do not know the island (of Canary Islands) and I nor do I know the year in that they arrived in Cuba. "The subname Ruz is in the Canaries? Gonzalez, by my grandmother yes is of the Canaries. Ruz is by my grandfather, but I do not know where it came from the subname. Maybe this was a Ruíz to that someone removed him a i... more economical). Extract of an interview with Fidel Castro by journalists canaries Carmelo and Martin, 27 August 1986. The interview was found in the book "Canarias-América: El orgullo de ser canario en América" (Canary – America: The pride of being a canary in America), by Julio Hernández García, first edition, 1989. Historia Popular de Canarias (Popular History of the Canary Islands).
  19. ^ Ignacio Ramonet: Fidel Castro: biografía a dos voces (page 43 et seq). Barcelona: Debate, 2006. ISBN 84-8306-557-6.
  20. ^ a b Raffy, Serge. 2004 Castro el Desleal. Santillana Ediciones Generales, S.L. Madrid. ISBN 84-03-09508-2
  21. ^ a b Fuentes, Norberto 2005 La Autobiografia de Fidel Castro. Destino Ediciones. ISBN 970-749-001-2
  22. ^ a b "Fidel Castro: From Student to Revolutionary". History Television. Alliance Atlantis Communications Inc.. http://www.history.ca/content/ContentDetail.aspx?ContentId=41. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
  23. ^ "Castro, Baseball, and the great divide". http://www.jamescampion.com/chekcuba.html. 
  24. ^ "Fidel Castro". http://www.snopes.com/sports/baseball/castro.asp. 
  25. ^ a b c Thomas, Hugh : Cuba the Pursuit of Freedom p.523-524
  26. ^ Sweig 2002
  27. ^ Bardach, Ann Louise : Cuba Confidential. p.40
  28. ^ The United States and the Origins of the Cuban Revolution: An Empire of Liberty in an Age of National Liberation, Jules R. Benjamin, 1992, p.131
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h Georgie Anne Geyer. Guerrilla Prince. ISBN 0316308935. 
  30. ^ Sierra, J. A.. "The Sierra Maestra". historyofcuba.com. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/maestra.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-19. 
  31. ^ Fidel Castro: My Life: A Spoken Autobiography
  32. ^ a b Tabío, Pedro Álvarez (1975). "History Will Absolve Me". Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, La Habana, Cuba. http://www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
  33. ^ a b Andrew, Christopher; Gordievsky, Oleg (1991). Instructions from the Centre: Top Secret Files from the KGB's Foreign Operations. Hodder & Stoughton General Division. ISBN 0-340-56650-7. 
  34. ^ a b Sierra, J. A.. "The Landing of the Granma". historyofcuba.com. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/granma.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-15. 
  35. ^ Thomas, Hugh (1998). Cuba or The Pursuit of Freedom (Updated Edition). New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80827-7. 
  36. ^ Cannon, Terrance (1981). Revolutionary Cuba. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. ISBN 0690013078. 
  37. ^ Cannon, Terrance (1981). "Frank País and the Underground Movement in the cities". historyofcuba.com. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/pais.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-19. 
  38. ^ Alter, James (April 2006). "Review: The Man Who Invented Fidel". The International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/04/21/arts/idbriefs22d.php. Retrieved 2006-05-14. 
  39. ^ De Palma, Anthony. "Book Excerpt: The Man Who Invented Fidel: Castro, Cuba, and Herbert L. Matthews of the New York Times". historyofcuba.com. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/havana/Fidel-1.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-16. 
  40. ^ St George, Andrew (1963-04-12). "Biography: Andrew St George". Spartacus Educational. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKstgeorge.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
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  42. ^ "Why We Fight". Latinamericanstudies.org. 1956-12-02. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/coronet.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-13. 
  43. ^ "The Cuban dictator's birthday is a reminder that it is time to get ready for the post-Castro era". San Antonio Express-News. 2001-08-15. http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/special_reports/The_Cuban_dictators_birthday_is_a_reminder_that_its_time_to_get_ready_for_the_post-Castro_era.html. Retrieved 2009-08-22. 
  44. ^ Kirchhoff, Sue; Woodyard, Chris (2008-02-19). "Cuba trade gets 'new opportunity'". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/money/world/2008-02-19-cuba-economy_N.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-22. 
  45. ^ "Changing Castro's Cuba". The Post and Courier. 2008-04-12. http://www.postandcourier.com/news/2008/apr/12/changing_castros_cuba36977/. Retrieved 2009-08-22. 
  46. ^ Ernesto "Che" Guevara (World Leaders Past & Present), by Douglas Kellner, 1989, Chelsea House Publishers, ISBN 1555468357, pg 48
  47. ^ a b c "How the NYT presented day-one of the Cuban Revolution". CubaNow.net. January 2 1959. Archived from the original on April 26, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060426195816/http%3A//www.cubanow.net/global/loader.php%3Fsecc%3D5%26cont%3Dstories/num8/3cHnyt59.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-16. 
  48. ^ a b "Castro: The Great Survivor". BBC News. October 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/244974.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-15. 
  49. ^ Cuba: End of a War, TIME Magazine, January 12, 1959
  50. ^ "Chronology". The National Security Archive. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/bayofpigs/chron.html. Retrieved 2006-05-19. 
  51. ^ Ernesto "Che" Guevara (World Leaders Past & Present), by Douglas Kellner, 1989, Chelsea House Publishers, ISBN 1555468357, pg 66
  52. ^ The Political End of President Urrutia. Fidel Castro, by Robert E. Quirk 1993. Accessed 8th October. 2006.
  53. ^ Thomas C. Wright. Latin America in the era of the Cuban Revolution. ISBN 0275935833. 
  54. ^ Irving Louis Horowitz and Jaime Suchlicki Cuban Communism Transaction Publishers, 1998, p. 725.
  55. ^ "David Wallechinsky & Irving Wallace Biography of Famous Cuban Leader Fidel Castro Part 3". Trivia-library.com. 1956-12-02. http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-famous-cuban-leader-fidel-castro-part-3.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-13. 
  56. ^ Antonio de la Cova. "Russell J. Hampsey Voices from the Sierra Maestra: Fidel Castro's Revolutionary Propaganda". Latinamericanstudies.org. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuban-rebels/voices.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-13. 
  57. ^ "snopes.com: Che Guevara, economist". Msgboard.snopes.com. 1959-01-08. http://msgboard.snopes.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=36;t=000785;p=1. Retrieved 2010-01-13. 
  58. ^ A videotape of Fidel Castro denying his support of communism was re-aired on NBC "Meet the Press" on November 25, 2007.
  59. ^ "Castro's Whirl. New York Times, April 26, 1959". Select.nytimes.com. 1959-04-26. http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=FA0E10F8355C1A7B93C4AB178FD85F4D8585F9. Retrieved 2010-01-13. 
  60. ^ Franqui, Carlos. "Fidel Castro's Trip to the United States". historyof Cuba.com. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/franqui3.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-16. 
  61. ^ Sierra, J.A.. "Timetable History of Cuba – After The Revolution". historyof Cuba.com. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/time/timetbl4.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-15. 
  62. ^ "First Agrarian Reform Law (1959)". http://revolutions.truman.edu/cuba/aboutme.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-29. 
  63. ^ Hugh Thomas, Cuba. The pursuit for freedom. p830-832
  64. ^ OxfamAmerica.org, Cuba Social Policy at the Crossroads: Maintaining Priorities, Transforming Practice An Oxfam America Report; by Miren Uriarte, Ph.D.; University of Massachusetts, Boston.
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  66. ^ a b c d e Paul H. Lewis. Authoritarian regimes in Latin America. ISBN 0742537390. 
  67. ^ Katherine Hirschfeld. Health, politics, and revolution in Cuba since 1898. ISBN 0765803445. 
  68. ^ Gay Rights and Wrongs in Cuba,, Peter Tatchell (2002), published in the "Gay and Lesbian Humanist", Spring 2002. An earlier version was published in a slightly edited form as The Defiant One, in The Guardian, Friday Review, 8 June 2001.
  69. ^ Llovio-Menéndez, José Luis. Insider: My Hidden Life as a Revolutionary in Cuba, (New York: Bantam Books, 1988), p. 156-158, 172–174.
  70. ^ Lockwood, Lee (1967), Castro's Cuba, Cuba's Fidel. p.124. Revised edition (October 1990) ISBN 0-8133-1086-5
  71. ^ [www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/08/31/cuba.castro.gays/index.html?hpt=T2 Castro admits 'injustice' for gays and lesbians during revolution], CNN, Shasta Darlington, August 31, 2010
  72. ^ a b Clifford L. Staten. The history of Cuba. ISBN 0313316902. 
  73. ^ "Victorious Castro bans elections". BBC News. May 1 1961. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/1/newsid_2479000/2479867.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-19. 
  74. ^ Sierra, J.A. (May 1 1961). "Economic Embargo Timeline". historyofcuba.com. http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/embargo.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-28. 
  75. ^ The Cold War, television documentary archive. King's College London, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. 1995 -1998. http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/cats/coldwar/xc70-28-.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
  76. ^ Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich (1962-10-27). "Letter to Castro" (PDF). The George Washington University. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/621030%20Letter%20to%20Castro.pdf. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
  77. ^ Campbell, Duncan (April 3 2006). "638 ways to kill Castro". London: The Laura Nuessbaum. http://www.guardian.co.uk/cuba/story/0,,1835930,00.html. Retrieved 2006-08-16. 
  78. ^ Aston, Martin (25 November – 1 December 2006). "The Man Who Wouldn't Die". Radio Times. 
  79. ^ January 4, 1975 memorandum of conversation between President Gerald Ford and Henry Kissinger, made available by the National Security Archive, June 2007
  80. ^ a b News.Yahoo.com Holland, Steve and Andy Sullivan. "CIA Tried to get Mafia to kill Castro: documents". Reuters News Service, June 26, 2007.
  81. ^ a b CIA.gov, "Family Jewels" Archive, pages 12–19
  82. ^ a b MSN.com Johnson, Alex. "CIA opens the book on a shady past." MSNBC, June 26, 2007
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  84. ^ Brandford, Becky (June 8 2003). "Cuba's hardships fuel discontent". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2961320.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-20. 
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  89. ^ Castro, Fidel (August 1968). "Castro comments on Czechoslovakia crisis". FBIS. http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/castro/1968/19680824. 
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  92. ^ How Far We Slaves Have Come! South Africa and Cuba in Today's World, by Nelson Mandela & Fidel Castro, 1991, Pathfinder Press, ISBN 087348729X
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  94. ^ Mandela, Nelson. "Attributed quotes of Nelson Mandela". Wikiquote.org. Archived from the original on November 2, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061102094513/http%3A//en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
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  97. ^ Return to Havana by Maurice Halperin
  98. ^ a b Maria C. Werlau. "Fidel Castro, Inc.: A global conglomerate". http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/asce/pdfs/volume15/pdfs/werlau.pdf. 
  99. ^ a b Gibbs, Stephen (2005-08-21). "Cuba and Panama restore relations". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4170374.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-21. 
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  101. ^ "Mexico's Fox apologises to Castro". BBC News. 2002-04-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1946089.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-21. 
  102. ^ "Castro calls for Caribbean unity". BBC News. 1998-08-21. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/156312.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-21. 
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  104. ^ "Cuba opens more Caribbean embassies". Caribbean Net News. March 2006. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000008/000823.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
  105. ^ "Democratic Korea decorates President Fidel Castro". Granma. http://granmai.co.cu/ingles/2006/diciembre/mar12/51conde.html. 
  106. ^ "Libyan human rights prize awarded to Fidel Castro of Cuba". BBC News. 1998-08-11. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/149414.stm. Retrieved 2006-06-13. 
  107. ^ "Castro's state visit to South Africa". BBC News. September 4 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/164687.stm. Retrieved 2000-05-21. 
  108. ^ "Castro ends state-visit to South Africa". BBC News. September 6 1998. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/165566.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-21. 
  109. ^ "Fidel Castro's "promise to Botswana fulfilled"". afrol News. December 16 2005. http://www.afrol.com/articles/15034. Retrieved 2006-05-21. 
  110. ^ "Malcolm X Chronology". Columbia University. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/mxp/ministermalcolm.html. 
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  115. ^ "Spiegel interview with Bolivia's Evo Morales". Der Spiegel. 2006-08-28. http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,434272,00.html. Retrieved 2009-08-12. 
  116. ^ Comandante – Fidel Castro & Oliver Stone at YouTube
  117. ^ "Pope Excommunicates Castro". Chronicle Telegram. January 3, 1962. http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/012698pope-cuba-rdp.html. 
  118. ^ "Pope John Paul II's visit to Cuba". The New York Times -on the Web. http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/cuba-pope-index.html. 
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  122. ^ "Castro attends convent blessing". BBC News. March 9 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2833699.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-20. 
  123. ^ A new Greek Orthodox Cathedral consecrated in Havana, Cuba www.wcc-coe.org March 2004.
  124. ^ Gibbs, Stephen (January 22 2004). "Castro greets Orthodox patriarch". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3418733.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-20. 
  125. ^ Newman, Lucia (April 6, 2005). "Castro signs pope's condolence book". CNN.com. http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/americas/04/04/pope.castro/. 
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  127. ^ "Castro says he feels fine". BBC News. 1998-07-24. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/138452.stm. 
  128. ^ "Castro collapses during speech". BBC News. 2001-06-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1404497.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-16. 
  129. ^ "Castro finishes speech after collapse". BBC New. June 23 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1404511.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-05. 
  130. ^ "Bogota mayor: Castro health deteriorating". CNN.com. 2004-01-14. Archived from the original on December 6, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061206171600/http%3A//www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/americas/01/14/castro.health.ap. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
  131. ^ "Fidel Castro can live to 140, doctor says". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2004-09-24. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/05/18/1084783511071.html. Retrieved 2006-05-11. 
  132. ^ "Castro breaks knee, arm in fall". BBC News. 2004-05-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3761748.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-14. 
  133. ^ "First walk for Castro after fall". BBC News. December 23 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4122531.stm. Retrieved 2006-06-13. 
  134. ^ Nordqvist, Christian (November 2005). "Fidel Castro has Parkinson's Disease, thinks the CIA". Medical News Today. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/healthnews.php?newsid=33663. Retrieved 2006-05-14. 
  135. ^ "Castro has Parkinson's says CIA". BBC News. November 17 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4444454.stm. Retrieved 2006-05-16. 
  136. ^ Nordqvist, Christian (November 2005). "Parkinson's disease a CIA fabrication, says Fidel Castro". Medical News Today. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/healthnews.php?newsid=33746. Retrieved 2006-05-14. 
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  138. ^ "Casto in Cancer Battle". Sky News. December 8, 2006. http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,30200-1243432,00.html. 
  139. ^ "Castro has no terminal illness, officials tell congressman". CNN. December 17, 2006. 
  140. ^ "U.S. lawmakers told Castro not dying, no cancer". Reuters. December 17, 2006. 
  141. ^ "Surgeon 'flew in to treat Castro'". BBC. December 25, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6208451.stm. Retrieved 2010-01-04. 
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